Doing this in excel level is a big complex when you jump from month to week and again to date. I would strongly recommend you to use any reporting tool to achieve this. Even if you have the excel data row or column based information I would suggest you to use the webi reporting tool to involve this logic.
Working on your logic, till month and to date getting a week number here is tricky. Using the pivot table you can achieve this, but dashboard doesn't supports pivot. Check the Sample File.